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Object Type	Example Constants/Usage
Numbers	3.1415,1234,99l,3+4j
Strings	'spam',"guido's"
Lists	[1,[2, 'three'],4]
Disctionaries	{'food':'spam','taste':'yum'}
Tuples	(1,'spam',4,'U')
Files	test=open('eggs','r').read()
Standard Numeric Types
Constant	Interpretation
1234, -24,0	Normal integers (C longs)
999999999999L	Long integers (unlimited size)
1.23,3.14e-10,4E210,4.0e+210	Floating-point (C doubles)
0177,0x9ff	Octal and hex constants
3+4j,3.0+4.0j,3J	Complex number constants
Python Expression Operators
Operators	Description
x or y, lambda args:expression	Logical or (y is evaluated only if x is false), anonymous function
x and y	Logical and (y is evaluated only if x is true)
not x	Logical negation
<, <=, >, >=, ==, <>, !=, is, is not, in,not in	Comparison operators, identity test sequence membership
x | y	Bitwise or
x ^ y	Bitwise exclusive or
x & y	Bitwise and
x << y, x >> y	Shift x left or right by y bits
X + Y, X - Y	Addition/concatenation, subtraction
x * y, x / y, x % y	Multiplication/repetition, division, remainder/format
-x, +x, ~x	Unary negation, identity, bitwise compliment
x [i], x[i:j], x.y, x(...)	Indexing, slicing, qualification, function calls
(...),[...],{...},`...`	Tuple,list,dictionary,conversion to string
Strings
Operation	Interpretation
s1 =' '	Empty string
s2= "spam's"	Double quotes
block = '''..."""	Triple-quoted blocks
s1 +s2, s2* 3	Concatenate, repeat
s2[i], s2[i:j], len(s2)	Index, slice, length
"a %s parrot" % 'dead'	String formatting
for x in s2, 'm' in s2	Iteration, membership
String Formatting Codes
%s	String ( or any object's print format )
%c	Character
%d	Decimal ( int )
%i	Integer
%u	Unsigned ( int )
%o	Octal integer
%x	Hex integer
%X	Hex integer ( uppercase )
floating-point codes produce alternative representations for floating-point numbers
%e	Floating-point format 1
%E	Floating-point format 2
%f	Floating-point format 3
%g	Floating-point format 4
%G	Floating-point format 5
%%	Literal %
String Backlash Characters
\newline	Ignored (a continuation)
\\	Backlash ( keeps one \ )
\'	Single quote ( keeps ' )
\"	Double quote ( keeps " )
\a	Bell
\b	Backspace
\e	Escape ( usually )
\000	Null ( doesn't end string )
\n	Newline ( linefeed )
\v	Vertical tab
\t	Horizontal tab
\r	Carriage return
\f	Formfeed
\0XX	Octal value XX
\xXX	Hex value XX
\other	Any other char ( retained )
Lists
Operation	Interpretation
L1 = {}	An empty list
L2 = [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]	Four items: indexs 0.3
L3 = ['abc,['def', ,'ghi']]	Nested sublist
L2[i], L3[i] [j] L2[i:j], len(L2)	Index, slice, length
L1 + L2, L2 * 3	Concatenate, repeat
for x in L2, 3 in L2	Iteration, membership
L2.append(4), L2.sort(), L2.index(1), L2.reverse()	Methods: grow, sort, search, reverse, etc..
del L2[k], L2[i:j]=[]	Shrinking
L2[i]= 1, L2[i:j] = [4,5,6]	Index assignment, slice assignment
range(4), xrange(0, 4)	Make lists/tuples of integers
Common Dictionary Constants & Operations
Operation	Interpretation
d1={}	Empty dictionary
d2 = {'spam':2,'eggs':3}	two-item dictionary
d3 = {'food':{'ham':1,'egg':2}}	Nesting
d2['eggs'],d3['food']['ham']	Indexing by key
d2.has_key('eggs') d2.keys(), d2.values()	Methods: mebership test, keys list, values list, etc...
len(d1)	Length ( number stored entries )
d2[key]=new, del d2[key]	Adding/changing, deleting
Tuples
Operation	Interpretation
Files
Operation	Interpretation
Python Statements
Statement	Role	Examples
Assignment Statement Forms
Operation	Interpretation
Common Python Expression Statements
Operation	Interpretation
Print Statement Forms
Operation	Interpretation
Function-Related Statements
Statement	Examples